Mucositis and peri-implantitis
Peri-implant mucositis is inflammation of the gum around the implant, without bone loss. It is reversible when treated. Peri-implantitis goes further: the inflammation leads to progressive loss of the bone that supports the implant.
Dental plaque, the film of bacteria that builds up every day, is the main cause. As with natural teeth, daily cleaning and check-ups therefore play a central role.
Is it common?
In a large Swedish study conducted at the University of Gothenburg, implant patients were re-examined after 9 years. 14.5% had peri-implantitis with marked bone loss, and 7.6% had lost at least one implant. A history of periodontitis was associated with a higher risk of severe forms.
These figures should not cause undue worry: above all, they show the value of early detection and regular follow-up.
Warning signs
- Bleeding from the gum around the implant when brushing.
- Red, swollen or tender gum.
- Discharge or a persistent bad taste.
- Receding gum that reveals a metal part.
- A feeling that the crown or implant is moving.
Peri-implantitis can progress for a long time without pain. These signs call for a check-up with your dentist or a message to Dr Yousefpour.
Prevention: what experts recommend
In 2023, the European Federation of Periodontology published high-level guidelines on preventing and treating peri-implant diseases. They stress that prevention starts at the planning stage, continues at placement and lasts throughout the life of the implant.
- Before placement : treat periodontitis, encourage stopping smoking, control diabetes.
- At the planning stage : place the implant and design the crown so that cleaning is possible.
- Every day : careful brushing and suitable interdental brushes around the implant.
- In the long term : a programme of regular check-ups, with a frequency that depends on your risk.
What if peri-implantitis is diagnosed?
Treatment starts with thorough cleaning of the implant surface and improved hygiene. Depending on progression and bone loss, surgery may be needed, sometimes with bone reconstruction. The earlier treatment starts, the better the chances of stabilising the situation.
Frequently asked questions
What is peri-implantitis?
It is inflammation of the tissues around the implant that leads to loss of the bone supporting it. It often starts as inflammation of the gum, which is reversible if treated early. Smoking, a history of periodontitis and insufficient cleaning increase the risk.
How often should my implants be checked?
It depends on your risk: often once or twice a year with your dentist or periodontist, sometimes more often if you have a history of periodontitis. European guidelines stress these regular check-ups to detect inflammation early.
Sources
- Herrera et al. — EFP S3 guideline, J Clin Periodontol, 2023 — European guideline on preventing and treating peri-implant diseases.
- Derks — Effectiveness of implant therapy in Sweden, University of Gothenburg, 2015 — 9-year follow-up of implant patients in Sweden (implant loss, peri-implantitis).
- Mustapha, Salame, Chrcanovic — Medicina, 2021 — meta-analysis on smoking and implant failure.
After your implant surgery · How long does an implant last?
This general information helps you prepare for your consultation. Treatment, its risks and aftercare instructions are adapted to your situation by the surgeon.